Leopold V was duke of Austria from 1177 to 1194 and participated in the Third Crusade. During the siege of Acre he quarrelled with Richard I of England after the Austrian banner was reportedly removed from a captured position. When Richard travelled home in disguise, Leopold arrested him and transferred him to Emperor Henry VI, who demanded a vast ransom. Leopold was excommunicated for detaining a crusader and died after a riding accident.
Leopold appears in Sharon Kay Penman’s Lionheart and A King’s Ransom, which follow Richard’s crusade, capture and imprisonment. Historical fiction usually casts him as a resentful antagonist, but the dispute also concerned rank, recognition and the complex legal authority of crusading princes. The ransom’s burden on England gives his action consequences far beyond a personal quarrel.