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Home / Historical Periods / Roman Republic / Caesar’s Civil War

War

Caesar’s Civil War

49–45 BCE

Caesar’s Civil War began in 49 BC after Caesar crossed into Italy with his army and challenged the authority of the Senate and Pompey. The conflict spread across Italy, Greece, Egypt, Africa, and Spain. It ended with Caesar’s victory over his major opponents, though the political crisis did not end with the fighting.

The war mattered because it made clear that republican politics had become inseparable from military command. Caesar defeated Pompey and other senatorial forces, but his dominance created new fears of monarchy and tyranny. The civil war led directly to dictatorship, assassination, and further conflict.

Caesar’s Civil War is one of the richest Roman settings for historical fiction. Conn Iggulden’s Emperor series, Colleen McCullough’s Masters of Rome, Robert Harris’s Cicero trilogy, and Steven Saylor’s Roma Sub Rosa novels all draw on the crisis from different angles. It supports stories about Caesar, Pompey, Cato, Cicero, Cleopatra, shifting loyalties, exile, naval movement, battlefield decision-making, and the collapse of republican compromise.

Related people for Caesar’s Civil War

Books

21 Best Novels About Caesar’s Civil War

Bestselling authors first, then star rating.

Non Fiction

7 Non-Fiction Books About Caesar’s Civil War

Histories, biographies and reference works are listed separately from the historical novels above.